{"id":2501,"date":"2021-11-25T21:16:17","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T18:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/?p=2501"},"modified":"2021-11-25T21:16:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-25T18:16:17","slug":"incoterms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/en\/incoterms\/","title":{"rendered":"Incoterms International Business Term"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>INCOTERMS<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>It is the abbreviated form of Incoterms in Shipping and Transport. The contract of sale is used all over the world. INCOTERMS was first introduced in 1936 by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong>why do we need <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">INCOTERMS<\/span>\u061f<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>The shipment moves several months before reaching its destination. Although in recent years shipping has become much safer, some shipments still do not reach their destination or arrive in good condition. And when that happens, one must find out who lost the title of the goods. For this reason, it is very important for the seller and the buyer to define in advance the obligations and responsibilities that must be agreed upon. Incoterms are all possible ways to allocate obligations and responsibilities between two parties.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a..<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 INCOTERMS \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a.\u0627\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a .<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong>: <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f INCOTERMS \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646 . \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/a>: <\/strong><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 (<a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/incoterms\">Incoterms<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/incoterms\">Incoterms<\/a>) \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 INCOTERMS \u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 11 INCOTERMS \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 <strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">INCOTERM EXW<\/span><\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 <strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">INCOTERM DDP<\/span><\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 <a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/incoterms\">INCOTERMS<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 Incoterm \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1919 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Untitled-2.jpg\" alt=\"incoterms \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\" width=\"600\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Untitled-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/bcargob.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Untitled-2-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcargob.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Untitled-2-200x146.jpg 200w, https:\/\/bcargob.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Untitled-2-400x291.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a Incoterms EXW \u0648 FCA \u0648 CPT \u0648 CIP \u0648 DAT \u0648 DAP \u0648 DDP \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a Incoterms FAS \u0648 FOB \u0648 CFR \u0648 CIF \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a Incoterms \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8220;E&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629) \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8220;F&#8221; (FOB \u060c FAS &amp; FCA)\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8220;C&#8221; (CFR \u0648 CIF \u0648 CPT \u0648 CIP) \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8220;D&#8221; (DAP \u0648 DAT \u0648 DDP) \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1922 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Untitled-112-600x343.jpg\" alt=\"incoterms \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\" width=\"600\" height=\"343\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 incterms .<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">1. <strong>EXW (\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629):<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639<br \/>\n\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<br \/>\n\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">2- <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 (DDP):<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 DDP<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 DDP \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u064a DDP \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">3. <strong>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Free Carrier (FCA):<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Free Carrier FCA<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a (FCA) \u060c<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a FCA incoterm \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 FCA&#8221; \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u064a FCA \u060c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">4. \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (FOB):<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Free onboard \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 FCA \u0648 FOB. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 FCA \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 FOB \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0648 FOB \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a FCA \u060c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">5.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 (CFR)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 CFR<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 CFR \u0648 FOB. \u0641\u064a FOB \u060c \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u064a CFR \u060c \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 (CIF)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 CIF<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 CFR \u0648 CIF \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646). \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>7. Free \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 (FAS)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 FAS<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646). \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">8. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (CPT)<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 CPT<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628&#8221;. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>9. \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 (CIP)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 CIP<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a CIP \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646) \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 CPT \u0648 CIP \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 CIP \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 110\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">10. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (DAP)<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>DAP \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>1) \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>2) \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>11. \u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 (DAT)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 DAT<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 DAT \u0648 DAP \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a DAT \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f FCA Durban \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 Incoterm \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c FCA Durban berth no 42.<\/p>\n<p>2) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 DDP incoterm \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>3) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0645 EXW \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>4) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-right: 40px; text-align: left;\">EXW\u00a0&#8211; Ex Works (insert place of delivery)<br \/>\nFCA\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; Free Carrier (Insert named place of delivery)<br \/>\nCPT\u00a0 &#8211; Carriage Paid to (insert place of destination)<br \/>\nCIP\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0 Carriage and Insurance Paid To (insert place of destination)<br \/>\nDAP\u00a0&#8211; Delivered at Place (insert named place of destination)<br \/>\nDPU\u00a0&#8211; Delivered at Place Unloaded (insert of place of destination)<br \/>\nDDP &#8211; Delivered Duty Paid (Insert place of destination)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/bcargob.com\/\">\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/a> \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645<\/p>\n<p>info@bcargob.com<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INCOTERMS It is the abbreviated form of Incoterms in Shipping and Transport. The contract of sale is used all over the world. INCOTERMS was first introduced in 1936 by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). &nbsp; why do we need INCOTERMS\u061f The shipment moves several months before reaching its destination. Although in recent years shipping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,290],"tags":[294],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Incoterms International Business Term<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"INCOTERMS It is the abbreviated form of Incoterms in Shipping and Transport. The contract of sale is used all over the world. 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